Quality Assurance | Quality Control |
|---|---|
Definition:
QA is a set of activities for ensuring quality in the processes by which products are developed.
| QC is a set of activities for ensuring quality in products. The activities focus on identifying defects in the actual products produced. |
Focus on:
QA aims to prevent defects with a focus on the process used to make the product. It is a proactive quality process.
| QC aims to identify (and correct) defects in the finished product. Quality control, therefore, is a reactive process. |
Goal:
The goal of QA is to improve development and test processes so that defects do not arise when the product is being developed.
| The goal of QC is to identify defects after a product is developed and before it's released. |
How:
Establish a good quality management system and the assessment of its adequacy. Periodic conformance audits of the operations of the system.
| Finding & eliminating sources of quality problems through tools & equipment so that customer's requirements are continually met. |
What: Prevention of quality problems through planned and systematic activities including documentation.
| The activities or techniques used to achieve and maintain the product quality, process and service. |
Responsibility:
Everyone on the team involved in developing the product is responsible for quality assurance.
| Quality control is usually the responsibility of a specific team that tests the product for defects. |
Example:
Verification is an example of QA
| Validation/Software Testing is an example of QC |
Statistical Techniques:
Statistical Tools & Techniques can be applied in both QA & QC. When they are applied to processes (process inputs & operational parameters), they are called Statistical Process Control (SPC); & it becomes the part of QA.
| When statistical tools & techniques are applied to finished products (process outputs), they are called as Statistical Quality Control (SQC) & comes under QC. |
As a tool:
QA is a managerial tool
In the ISO 9000 standard, clause 3.2.10 defines Quality Control as:
“A part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements”
Clause 3.2.11 defines Quality Assurance as:
“A part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled”
| QC is a corrective tool |
Verification: It focuses on PROCESS related activities to ensure that the Products and deliverables meet a specific requirement before the final testing. Can be done through: A. Technical review B. Business review C. Management review Simply: Are we building the product in the right way? that is, does the software conform to its specification verification is the process of checking that the software meets the specification. Verification is an example of QA Validation: It focuses on PRODUCT related activities, that attempt to determine if the system or project deliverables meet the customer or client's expectations. Will be done by: Testing. Simply: Did we build the right product? that is, is the software doing what the user really requires. Validation is the process of checking whether the specification captures the customer's needs. According to the Capability Maturity Model(CMMI-SW v1.1) we can also define validation as The process ...
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